DRUG COURTS – LESSONS FROM THE UK AND BEYOND Gill McIvor THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF DRUG COURTS
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چکیده
Drug courts were established initially in the United States in the late 1980s, initiated by sentencers who were frustrated at the limited range and effectiveness of existing criminal justice measures for dealing with drug-related crime. The first drug court was introduced in Dade County, Florida in 1989. The impetus for the establishment of drug courts in North America came from a growing acknowledgement of the link between drug misuse and crime along with increasing evidence of the efficacy of drug treatment, including treatment that is compelled rather than undertaken on a voluntary basis (for example, Farabee et al., 1998; Hough, 1996; Gebelein, 2000; and, more recently, McSweeney et al, 2007). Operationally, drug courts vary across jurisdictions, but all are designed to reduce drug use and drug-related offending by combining drug treatment with ongoing supervision and court-based review. Drug courts – and other ‘problem-solving’ courts – represent an approach to criminal justice processing that has been termed ‘therapeutic jurisprudence’ (Wexler and Winick, 1992) which refers to capacity of legal processes and procedures (including the actions and approaches of criminal justice professionals) to have therapeutic or anti-therapeutic outcomes. Under traditional court models, rehabilitation may be an aim of criminal justice processing but within a model of therapeutic jurisprudence it is intrinsic to the process.
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تاریخ انتشار 2011